Stable isotope Germanium (Ge)

Isotope Z(p) N(n) Atomic Mass Natural Abundance Enrichment Level Chemical Form
Ge-70 32 38 69.924249 20.38% 95.30-97.60% Metal
Ge-70 32 38 69.924249 20.38% 95.30-97.60% Oxide
Ge-72 32 40 71.922076 27.31% 96.40-98.20% Metal
Ge-72 32 40 71.922076 27.31% 96.40-98.20% Oxide
Ge-73 32 41 72.923460 7.76% 95.60-99.40% Metal
Ge-73 32 41 72.923460 7.76% >95.50% Oxide
Ge-74 32 42 73.921178 36.72% 97.50-99.80% Metal
Ge-74 32 42 73.921178 36.72% ≥95.20% Oxide
Ge-76 32 44 75.921403 7.83% >99.90% Metal
Ge-76 32 44 75.921403 7.83% 88.00-99.90% Oxide

Properties of Germanium

Name Germanium
Symbol Ge
Atomic number 32
Atomic weight 72.61
Standard state Solid at 298 °K
CAS Registry ID 7440-56-4
Group in periodic table 14
Group name None
Period in periodic table 4
Block in periodic table p-block
Color Grayish-white
Classification Semi-metallic
Melting point 938.2 °C
Boiling point 2830 °C
Thermal conductivity 60.2 W/(m·K) at 302.93 °K
Electrical resistivity 47 µΩ·cm at 20 ºC
Electronegativity 1.8
Specific heat 0.322 J/g mol at 20 ºC
Heat of vaporization 334 kJ·mol-1 at 2830 ºC
Heat of fusion 31.8 kJ·mol-1
Density of liquid 5.60 g/cm
Density of solid 5.32 g/cm
Electron configuration [Ar]3d104s24p2
Oxidation states +2, +4
Electronegativity 1.9
Covalent radius (Tetrahedral, sp3) 1.22 Å
Ionic radius Ge2+: 0.93 Å, Ge4+: 0.53 Å